Table of Contents

Animal Law in Australasia: A New Dialogue

Table of Contents pages: 1 2

• Cover 1 free
• • Half title page 2
  • Title page 3
  • Copyright and imprint page 4
  • Table of Contents 5
  • Acknowledgements 7
  • Notes on Contributors 10
  • • Editors 10
    • Contributors 10
• Introduction (Sankoff and White) 14 free
• Part I - Core Concepts in Animal Law 18
• • 1. The Welfare Paradigm: Making the World a Better Place for Animals (Sankoff) 20 buy
  • • The Basics: What is Animal Welfare? 23
    • The Difficulty: What Does ‘Animal Welfare’ Mean? 27
    • ‘Unreasonable’ or ‘Unnecessary’ Suffering 31
    • • Harm is not absolute, but relative 33
      • Human demands predominate 34
      • Legitimacy of purpose 35
      • Legitimacy of means 37
    • The Real Meaning of the Welfare Construct 39
    • Alternative Approaches to Welfare 41
    • • Bans and prohibitions 41
      • Imposing obligations 42
    • Conclusion 45
  • 2. Farm Animals and Welfare Law: An Unhappy Union (Sharman) 48 buy
  • • Introduction 48
    • The Corporatisation of Animal Production 50
    • Life on the Factory Farm 52
    • • Modern pig farms 53
      • The chicken or the egg? 55
      • • Layer hens 56
        • Meat chickens 57
      • From grass to grain – the changing face of Australia’s beef production 59
    • Why Australia’s Animal Welfare Laws are Failing Farm Animals 60
    • • A matter of definition 61
      • Accepted farming practices 62
      • The facilitation of factory farming under the guise of welfare 63
      • • Welfare standards, Codes and Regulations 63
        • Justifiable suffering 64
    • The Long Road to Law Reform – A Slow Progress 66
    • • Stargazing 68
    • Conclusion 68
  • 3. Companion Animals: Valuation and Treatment in Human Society (Petrie) 70 buy
  • • The Legal Status of Companion Animals 71
    • • Companion animals as personal property 71
      • Implications of the legal status of companion animals as property 75
      • Damages for economic loss 75
      • • Market value 75
        • Actual value 77
        • Damages and disregarding the individuality of companion animals 77
      • Damages for non-economic loss 78
    • The (Non-economic) Value of Companion Animals 80
    • • The benefits to human health and well-being 81
      • Companion animals as part of the family 83
    • Companion Animal Interests v Human Convenience 86
    • Conclusion 89
• Part II - Jurisprudential Challenges in Animal Law 90
• • 4. Exploring Different Philosophical Approaches to Animal Protection in Law 92 buy
  • • Introduction 92
    • Background Assumptions and Key Concepts 94
    • • A preliminary assumption: Animals are worthy of some moral consideration 94
      • Key concepts 95
      • • Speciesism and the principle of equal consideration of interests 95
        • The argument from marginal cases 96
    • The Moral Significance of Animals 98
    • • The status quo: Limited moral significance for animals 98
      • Re-thinking the moral significance of animals 101
      • • Singer’s utilitarianism 101
        • Regan and rights 103
        • Revised contractualism 106
        • Deconstructing universalist approaches 106
    • The Legal Significance of Animals 109
    • • The status quo position: Limited legal protection of animal interests 110
      • Re-thinking the legal significance of animals 112
      • • Removing the property status of animals 112
        • Incrementalism – legal personhood for (some) animals 115
        • Contesting the similarity argument 117
    • Conclusion 119
  • 5. Australasian Animal Protection Laws and the Challenge of Equal Consideration (O'Sullivan) 121 buy
  • • Introduction 121
    • The Economics of Discrimination 122
    • • Necessary suffering and economic discrimination 122
      • Categorising animals according to their industrial utility 125
      • Figure I: Animal Categories 126
      • Table I: Animal-Related News Stories over a One-Month Period (May 2004) 130
      • Table II: Relative Animal Visibility Levels13 130
    • Visibility and the Politics of Discrimination 131
    • Equal Consideration and the Liberal Democratic Project 135
    • • Animals as part of the political landscape 136
      • Equality for animals (and animals only) 138
    • Conclusion 140
  • 6. The Use and Misuse of 'Rights Talk' by the Animal Rights Movement (Bourke) 141 buy
  • • Rights Talk in Context – Setting the Parameters 142
    • • The impact of form and jurisdiction 143
      • The ‘animal rights movement’: rights, welfare or utility? 145
      • • Animal welfare 145
        • Rights-based and utilitarian responses to animal protection 147
        • Distinguishing rights from utility 148
    • The Use of Rights Talk: Strengths and Limitations 149
    • • The power of rights talk 150
      • • Creating movement identity and vision 150
        • Elevating the status of a movement 150
        • Bringing the focus back on individuals 151
        • Setting priorities – rights as trump cards 151
      • The limits of rights talk 152
      • • Restricting dialogue and negotiation 152
        • The radicalising effect of rights 153
        • Rights as unstable and indeterminate 154
    • The Misuse of Rights Talk 156
    • • The prolific and broad use of rights talk 156
      • Strategic use of rights talk 157
      • • Rights talk applied to welfare issues 157
        • Strategic avoidance of rights talk by animal rights groups 159
        • Strategic allocation of rights 160
    • Conclusion 162
• Part III - Animal Welfare in Australasia: Specific Challenges for the Region 164
• • 7. Live Export of Animals (Caulfield) 166 buy
  • • Introduction 166
    • Background 167
    • • The industry 167
      • Welfare issues 167
    • The Law 169
    • • New Zealand 169
      • Australia 170
      • • Commonwealth law 170
        • Evolution of the Commonwealth legislative scheme 171
        • The current Commonwealth legislative scheme 172
        • Enforcement 176
        • State laws 178
        • • Tasmania 179
          • Victoria 179
          • Queensland 179
          • Western Australia 179
        • Territorial issues 180
      • Inconsistency between State and Commonwealth laws 180
      • What is the ‘law of the Commonwealth’? 182
      • Is there inconsistency between the Commonwealth and States or Territory laws? 183
    • The Importing Country 185
  • 8. Animal Welfare Codes and Regulations - The Devil in Disguise? (Dale) 187 buy
  • • Introduction 187
    • Establishment of Codes and Regulations 189
    • • Australia 189
      • New Zealand 191
    • Shortcomings of the Code Development Process 194
    • • Introducing and Updating Codes 194
      • • Australia 194
        • New Zealand 194
      • Who Writes Animal Welfare Codes? 196
      • • Australia 196
        • New Zealand 197
      • Conflicts of Interest 198
      • • Australia 198
        • New Zealand 199
      • What Factors are Considered in Developing Codes? 200
      • • Generally 200
        • Public Opinion and International Trends 202
      • The Use and Misuse of Science 204
      • • Australia 204
        • New Zealand 205
      • Balancing Differing Animal Needs 207
      • The Incremental Benefit of Codes 209
    • Conclusion 210
    • Table 1: the adoption of Codes of Practice under animal welfare acts 211
    • Table 2: Commonwealth ‘Model Codes of Practice for the Welfare of Animals’, the NHMRC Code and State and Territory Codes adopted 213
    • Table 3: Minimum standards in Codes of Welfare in New Zealand 221
  • 9. Scientific Experimentation on Animals: Are Australia and New Zealand Implementing the 3Rs? (Gerber) 225 buy
  • • Introduction 225
    • What Do the 3Rs Mean? 227
    • • Reduction 227
      • Refinement 228
      • Replacement 229
    • The Law Governing the Use of Animals in Research in New Zealand 231
    • The Law Governing the Use of Animals in Research inAustralia 236
    • Conclusion 240
  • 10. Animals in the Wild, Animal Welfare and the Law (White) 243 buy
  • • Introduction 243
    • Property Status of Wild Animals 244
    • Legislative Protection of the Welfare of Wild Animals 251
    • • Animal welfare legislation 252
      • Nature conservation legislation 255
      • Differential Protection of Wild Animal Welfare 264
      • • Economic imperatives 264
        • Environmentalism 266
        • National identity 267
        • What about sentience? 269
    • Conclusion 271
    • Note 271
  • 11. Recreational Hunting - Regulation and Animal Welfare Concerns 272 buy
  • • Introduction 272
    • What is Hunting? 274
    • Recreational Hunting – Implications for Animal Protection 275
    • Purpose and Justifications 276
    • • Enjoyment 277
      • Sustenance 278
      • Sport 278
      • Cultural tradition 278
      • The economy 279
      • Conservation 279
      • Conclusion 281
    • The Legislative Framework 281

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